Jesus' parables:

The disciples came to him and asked, "Why do you speak to the people in parables?" He replied, "The knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you ... For I tell you the truth, many prophets and righteous men longed to see what you see but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it." (Matthew 13:1-23)

"The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field, which someone found and hid; then in his joy he goes and sells all that he has and buys that field." {worth all you have} (Matthew 13:44-46)

"Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of fine pearls; on finding one pearl of great value, he went and sold all that he had and bought it. {worth all you have} (Matthew 13:45-46)

"With what can we compare the kingdom of God, or what parable will we use for it? It is like a mustard seed, which, when sown upon the ground, is the smallest of all the seeds on earth; yet when it is sown it grows up and becomes the greatest of all shrubs, and puts forth large branches, so that the birds of the air can make nests in its shade." {starts small on earth, grows fast} (Mark 4:30-32)

"The kingdom of heaven is like yeast that a woman took and mixed into a large amount of flour until it worked all through the dough." {starts small on earth, spreads fast} (Matthew 13:33)

"Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was thrown into the sea and caught fish of every kind; when it was full, they drew it ashore, sat down, and put the good into baskets but threw out the bad. So it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come out and separate the evil from the righteous and throw them into the furnace of fire, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. {some get in, some do not} (Matthew 13:47-48)

"For this reason the kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who wished to settle accounts with his slaves ... So my heavenly Father will also do to every one of you, if you do not forgive your brother or sister from your heart." {some get in, some do not} (Matthew 18:23-35)

"Then the kingdom of heaven will be like this. Ten bridesmaids took their lamps and went to meet the bridegroom ... Later the other bridesmaids came also, saying, 'Lord, lord, open to us.' But he replied 'Truly I tell you, I do not know you.' Keep awake therefore, for you know neither the day nor the hour." {some get in, some do not} (Matthew 25:1-13)

"The kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who gave a wedding banquet for his son ... For many are called, but few are chosen." {some get in, some do not} (Matthew 22:2-14)

Jesus’ Parable of the Sower [farmer] {Battle of Good versus Evil}
And he told them many things in parables, saying: "A sower went out to sow. And as he sowed, some seeds fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured them. Other seeds fell on rocky ground, where they had not much soil, and immediately they sprang up, since they had no depth of soil, but when the sun rose they were scorched; and since they had no root they withered away. Other seeds fell upon thorns, and the thorns grew up and choked them. Other seeds fell on good soil and brought forth grain, some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty. He who has ears, let him hear." (Matthew 13:3-9)

Jesus’ Explanation (Matthew 13:18-23)

Jesus’ Parable of the Weeds {Battle of Good versus Evil}
Another parable he put before them, saying, "The kingdom of heaven may be compared to a man who sowed good seed in his field; but while men were sleeping, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and went away. So when the plants came up and bore grain, then the weeds appeared also. And the servants of the householder came and said to him, 'Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? How then has it weeds?' He said to them, 'An enemy has done this.' The servants said to him, 'Then do you want us to go and gather them?' But he said, 'No; lest in gathering the weeds you root up the wheat along with them. Let both grow together until the harvest; and at harvest time I will tell the reapers, Gather the weeds first and bind them in bundles to be burned, but gather the wheat into my barn.'" (Matthew 3:24-30)

Jesus’ Explanation
Then he left the crowds and went into the house. And his disciples came to him, saying, "Explain to us the parable of the weeds of the field." He answered, "He who sows the good seed is the Son of man; the field is the world, and the good seed means the sons of the kingdom; the weeds are the sons of the evil one, and the enemy who sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the close of the age, and the reapers are angels. Just as the weeds are gathered and burned with fire, so will it be at the close of the age. The Son of man will send his angels, and they will gather out of his kingdom all causes of sin and all evildoers, and throw them into the furnace of fire; there men will weep and gnash their teeth. Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. He who has ears, let him hear. (Matthew 13:36-43)

Helpful links to related questions/topics

The Parables of the Mustard Seed and the Yeast The Parable of the Sower The Parables of the Hidden Treasure and the Pearl The Parable of the Weeds The Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard The Parable of the Great Banquet Why did Jesus speak to the people in parables, rather than just stating things directly?